合理地選擇焊接方法，確定相應(yīng)的焊接材料。

Reasonably select welding methods and determine the corresponding welding materials.

　　選定合理的焊接參數(shù)，如焊條電弧焊時的焊條直徑、焊接電流、電弧電壓、焊接速度、施焊順序、焊接層數(shù)等;埋弧焊還要規(guī)定焊劑種類；氣體保護焊要規(guī)定氣體種類、流量、焊絲伸出長度等。

Select reasonable welding parameters, such as electrode diameter, welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, welding sequence, number of welding layers, etc. during electrode arc welding; The type of welding flux should also be specified for submerged arc welding; Gas shielded welding should specify the type of gas, flow rate, and wire extension length.

　　制定其他措施并規(guī)定參數(shù)，如預(yù)熱、緩冷的要求，后熱、中間加熱等焊后熱處理的要求，胎卡具的要求等。

Develop other measures and specify parameters, such as requirements for preheating and slow cooling, requirements for post weld heat treatment such as post heating and intermediate heating, and requirements for tire clamps.

　　制定焊接工藝應(yīng)遵循的原則是保證質(zhì)量，即焊接接頭無論外形尺寸或內(nèi)部質(zhì)量都要滿足技術(shù)條件的要求；然后要考慮生產(chǎn)效率，即要便于施焊，可達(dá)性好，翻轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)少，可利用胎卡具及機械化輔助裝置使焊件在方便的位置施焊，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)機械化或自動化焊接，總之要有較高的經(jīng)濟效益。為了優(yōu)選經(jīng)濟、高質(zhì)、的焊接工藝方法，除應(yīng)用電弧焊、電渣焊、電阻焊及釬焊等書及資料介紹的焊接方法的知識以外，了解各種工藝方法的生產(chǎn)特點也十分必要，這些特點系指各工藝方法的適用范圍，如基本金屬的種類、厚度、焊接位置、焊縫長度等;對材料加工工藝及裝配工藝的要求，如坡口準(zhǔn)備、焊前清理、焊后熱處理要求;對焊接所需輔助裝備、機具的要求，輔助工序的復(fù)雜程度;焊接接頭的質(zhì)量及其穩(wěn)定程度;經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)，如勞動生產(chǎn)率，設(shè)備投資等決定的生產(chǎn)成本，工人的勞動條件等。

The principle that should be followed in formulating welding processes is first to ensure quality, that is, the welded joints must meet the requirements of technical conditions regardless of their external dimensions or internal quality; Then, we need to consider production efficiency, which means it should be easy to weld, have good accessibility, and have fewer flipping times. We can use tire clamps and mechanized auxiliary devices to weld the welded parts in the most convenient position, or achieve mechanized or automated welding. In short, it should have high economic benefits. In order to optimize the economic, high-quality, and efficient welding process methods, in addition to the knowledge of welding methods introduced in professional books and materials such as arc welding, electric slag welding, resistance welding, and brazing, it is also necessary to understand the production characteristics of various process methods. These characteristics refer to the scope of application of each process method, such as the type, thickness, welding position, and weld length of the base metal; Requirements for material processing and assembly processes, such as groove preparation, pre weld cleaning, and post weld heat treatment requirements; The requirements for auxiliary equipment and tools required for welding, as well as the complexity of auxiliary processes; The quality and stability of welded joints; Economic indicators such as labor productivity, production costs determined by equipment investment, and labor conditions of workers.

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